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1. in the xiii century there were over 160 towns in england. 2. before the xiii century there were no universities in england. the oldest university was founded in oxford in 1667. it remained the principal centre of science for centuries. it was famous for the superior learning of its professors. it had a great influence on the development of english culture. 3. sheep breeding became especially popular in the english eastern and northern counties in the xiii century. it was soon discovered that it was easier to grow wool on the sheep's back than to grow grain on the poor lands. there were many foreign markets which were ready to buy english wool. it meant that european trade was developing. 4. there were important changes in the english countryside in the xiii century. there were the new classes of gentry, nobles and small landowners. there were many armed conflicts between the peasants and the feudals. there was one reason for that: the lords tended to monopolize the use of common lands. it is natural that the parliament supported the rich because only the top layer of the population was represented there.

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