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USA AGRICULTURE (1)
Nearly 400 years ago European colonists came to America. The colonists began to settle. They cleared the land and transformed forests into croplands and pastures. The settlers lived in a group of houses around a central field. Here grazed the village cattle.
In 1862 the government gave land away free. A settler had to clear it, build a house and live there for at least five years. There appeared family farms. Over time, farming methods and farming areas increased. Today the average farm in the USA comprises 187 ha (462 acres) . American farms became more efficient. Many farms adopted new technologies. Computers helped them to improve productivity and cut costs. In the 1990s American farmers invested more than $ 400 billion in land, livestock, buildings and equipment. American consumers pay less for their food than the people of many other industrial countries. By the mid-1970s a single farmer could grow enough food to feed himself, 45 other Americans and 8 foreigners.
Most of the farms in the USA are family farms. Only 3 percent of them are led by corporations that are owned by families. People who have small pieces of land cannot invest in the modern equipment. Often they sell their land to other farmers. There are tenant farmers who rent this land for cash or give the owner a part of the crops they grow. Owners of large farms hire seasonal workers. Many of these seasonal workers travel from farm to farm. They stay only for the period of picking crops. They are known as migrant workers. The USA is divided into six main regions.
The Northeast region does not have large areas of good land. But you can find dairy and poultry farms in several areas. Maine is famous for potatoes
The Great Lakes region is also an important area for farming. Corn, wheat and dairy products are the most important agricultural items. Farmers often rotate soybeans — that is, planting corn in a field one year and soybeans the next. The region has enough rainfall, which is very important for hay, grown to feed dairy cattle. Wisconsin is the most important dairy state in the region.
1. When did the European colonists come to America?
2. How did the settlers live?
3. When and how did family farm appear?
4. How do American farmer improve productivity?
5. What kind of farm are the most typical in the USA?